In research and in practical conditions, 25-OH D3 (Hy•D) has demonstrated it is essential for optimal poultry production, ...

By Dr. Sushama R. Chaphalkar, PhD. In a recent review published in the journal Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy , ...

The most potent stimulus to collagen I production is TGF-beta, which is derived from both paracrine and autocrine sources. Lipid peroxidation products are emerging as important stimuli to ECM ...

Methods and Results— We fractionated the VSMC dedifferentiation factor(s) in the conditioned medium obtained from differentiated VSMCs in which both ERK and p38MAPK were forcedly activated and ...

Mechanical regulation of perlecan expression in endothelial cells was governed by a mechanotransduction pathway requiring autocrine transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) signaling and intracellular ...

Once activated, PSC also secrete endogenous factors that can further activate transformed PSC via autocrine pathways. Signalling pathways that are responsible for PSC inactivation (reversal to a ...

An important function of IL23 may be to drive an autocrine loop within the innate immune system, leading to the production of a number of inflammatory mediators that contribute to the intestinal ...

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Cytokines are proteins, peptides or glycoproteins secreted by lymphocytes and monocytes that regulate immune responses, haematopoiesis and lymphocyte development. Cytokines include interleukins ...

Gene expression is regulated by transcription factors in concert with epigenetic modifications (such as DNA methylation, post-translational histone modifications, the position and compaction of ...

Tuft cells are a group of rare epithelial cells that can detect pathogenic microbes and parasites. Many of these cells express signaling proteins initially found in taste buds. It is, however, not ...

Dr Ram Reifen, School of Nutritional Sciences, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, PO Box 12, Rehovot, Israel. Prolactin, a polypeptide hormone of anterior pituitary origin, has pronounced physiological ...