Herein, we will discuss this important autocrine-based cellular axis that parallels the hormonal-based hypothalamic–pituitary–testicular axis that regulates spermatogenesis. This local ...

Keros has engaged with the U.S. Food and Drug Administration regarding the design of the planned Phase 3 clinical trial of KER-050 in patients with myelodysplastic syndromes (“MDS”), and expect to ...

The most potent stimulus to collagen I production is TGF-beta, which is derived from both paracrine and autocrine sources. Lipid peroxidation products are emerging as important stimuli to ECM ...

Cell production of substances such as catecholamines, acetylcholine and glutamate acting on their receptors, which allow autocrine/paracrine signalling, has been described,39 which may explain pain in ...

Wihuri Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Biomedicum Helsinki, University of Helsinki, Finland. (I.S., M.R., P.P., K.A.H., Y.v.W., S.A., P.S., R.K., K.A ...

Wihuri Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Biomedicum Helsinki, University of Helsinki, Finland. (I.S., M.R., P.P., K.A.H., Y.v.W., S.A., P.S., R.K., K.A ...

while fibrosis and small vessel disease are secondary phenomena unrelated to disarray, but modified by factors such as left ventricular mass, sex, and perhaps local autocrine factors.

ATP is normally regarded as the major source of fuel for the energy-demanding processes within cells; however, ATP and other nucleotides (such as ADP, UTP, UDP) can be released from cells, where they ...

These locally synthesized proteins in turn, have been shown to induce cellular responses through interaction with receptors in an autocrine signaling mechanism. Nevertheless, the specific role these ...

BACKGROUND In the host defence of the lung neutrophils (PMN) play a central role. Apart from antimicrobial properties, recent data indicate that PMN also exert anti-inflammatory effects by stimulation ...