When two animals look the same, eat the same, behave the same way, and live in similar environments, one might expect that they belong to the same species. However, a tiny zooplankton skimming the ...

The earliest known primitive chordate is Pikaia gracilens, a wormlike creature that swam in middle Cambrian seas. Fossils found in the Burgess Shale of British Columbia show traces of a notochord ...

And yet they share a common Cambrian chordate ancestor. While the giraffe extends the notion of spinal column to the ultimate extreme, a sea squirt possesses a central notochord only fleetingly ...

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Relevant articles: – Tunicate – Transcriptional regulation of a horizontally transferred gene from bacterium to chordate ...

Max Cooper and Brantley Herrin discuss the evolution of innate and alternative adaptive immune systems for defence purposes and conclude that successful vaccines and other therapeutic ...