The earliest known primitive chordate is Pikaia gracilens, a wormlike creature that swam in middle Cambrian seas. Fossils found in the Burgess Shale of British Columbia show traces of a notochord ...

When two animals look the same, eat the same, behave the same way, and live in similar environments, one might expect that ...

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And yet they share a common Cambrian chordate ancestor. While the giraffe extends the notion of spinal column to the ultimate extreme, a sea squirt possesses a central notochord only fleetingly ...

To address these questions, I am using the invertebrate chordate Ciona. Ciona with its fast development and fixed lineages, is an incredible model. During metamorphosis, most of the Ciona larval ...

Max Cooper and Brantley Herrin discuss the evolution of innate and alternative adaptive immune systems for defence purposes and conclude that successful vaccines and other therapeutic ...

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are type-I transmembrane proteins with extracellular leucine-rich repeat (LRR) motifs and an intracellular Toll/interleukin-1R (TIR) domain. TLR genes are restricted to ...

Salient features and classification of animals-nonchordate up to phyla level and chordate up to classes level (three to five salient features and at least two examples).

Stocks: Real-time U.S. stock quotes reflect trades reported through Nasdaq only; comprehensive quotes and volume reflect trading in all markets and are delayed at least 15 minutes. International ...

The Price to Earnings (P/E) ratio, a key valuation measure, is calculated by dividing the stock's most recent closing price by the sum of the diluted earnings per share from continuing operations ...